It’s a question I often hear, usually from readers trying to categorize their shelves or writers trying to pitch a story: Are dystopian books science fiction?
The short answer? Sometimes.
The real answer? It’s more complicated than that.
As a writer who sits at the intersection of speculative fiction, dystopia, and science fiction, I’ve thought about this deeply. To me, the distinction isn’t just literary. It’s political, emotional, and deeply human.
Science fiction imagines how technology, science, or societal shifts can change our future. Dystopian fiction shows us what happens when those changes go wrong—when power becomes absolute, when systems fail, when people adapt to survive rather than to thrive.
A dystopian novel doesn’t have to include spaceships, robots, or AI to qualify as sci-fi. Sometimes the “technology” is surveillance. Sometimes it’s genetic sorting. Sometimes it’s a society that decides your role based on your gender, your intelligence, or your past. That’s speculative. That’s science fiction. And it’s absolutely dystopian.
What draws me to dystopia is how close it often feels to reality. These aren’t alien worlds. They’re ours, just tilted slightly. The air is a little colder. The rules are a little stricter. The injustice is more visible. And often, women are the ones navigating those rules, resisting quietly or loudly, trying to protect their bodies, their choices, their futures.
So, are dystopian books science fiction?
They can be. But more importantly, they are warnings. Reflections. Blueprints.
They’re not just about what could go wrong. They’re about how we survive when it already has.